theory of block-pulse functions in numerical solution of fredholm integral equations of the second ‎kind‎

recently, the block-pulse functions (bpfs) are used in solving electromagnetic scattering problem, which are modeled as linear fredholm integral equations (fies) of the second kind. but the theoretical aspect of this method has not fully investigated yet. in this article, in addition to presenting a new approach for solving fie of the second kind, the theory of both methods is investigated as a main part. by providing a new method based on bpfs for solving fies of the second kind, the least squares and non-least squares solutions are defined for this problem. first, the convergence of the non-least squares solution is proved by the nystr$ddot{o}$m method. ‎t‎hen, considering the fact that the set of all invertible matrices is an open set, the convergence of the least squares solution is investigated. the convergence of nystr$ddot{o}$m method has the main role in proving the basic results. because the presented convergence trend is independent of the orthogonality of the basis functions, the given method can be applied for any arbitrary ‎method.‎